Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da consorciação e manejo de Brachiaria decumbens cv. 'Basilisk' em cafeeiro (Coffea arabica cv. 'Catuaí Vermelho') infestado por Pratylenchus brachyurus (Pb), o presente experimento foi desenvolvido em condições de casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos utilizados, com cinco repetições, foram: 1. Café não inoculado no limpo; 2. Café não inoculado consorciado com B. decumbens; 3. Café inoculado com 5000 juvenis e adultos de Pb por vaso (10L), no limpo; 4. Café inoculado com Pb consorciado com B. decumbens podadas semanalmente; 5. Café inoculado com Pb consorciado com B. decumbens com aplicação do herbicida glifosato. Aos 3, 4, 7, 10 e 11 meses após transplante dos cafeeiros, houve um aumento significativo na altura das plantas de cafeeiro sem nematoide mantidas no limpo, comparadas com os tratamentos com cafeeiros em solo infestado com Pb consorciado com B. decumbens podadas e café em solo infestado com Pb consorciado com B. decumbens com aplicação de glifosato. Na avaliação final, realizada 278 dias após à inoculação das plantas, o peso da matéria seca da parte aérea nos tratamentos com Pb consorciado com braquiária e com aplicação de glifosato apresentaram menores valores, quando comparado com a testemunha sem nematoide e sem plantas consorciadas. Com relação ao peso da matéria fresca das raízes, todos os tratamentos foram significativamente mais baixos do que a testemunha sem nematoide e sem consorciação. A população final de P. brachyurus nas raízes foi maior quando o café foi consorciado com braquiária

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of intercropping and management of Brachiaria decumbens cv. 'Basilisk' in coffee (Coffea arabica cv. 'Catuai vermelho') infested withPratylenchus brachyurus (Pb), under greenhouse conditions. The treatments with five replicates were: 1. Coffee without Pb; 2. Coffee without Pb and intercropped with B. decumbens; 3. Coffee inoculated with 5000 juveniles and adults Pb per pot (10L) kept in clean; 4. Coffee inoculated with Pb intercropped with B. decumbens pruned weekly; 5. Coffee inoculated with Pb intercropped with B. decumbens with application of the herbicide glyphosate. At 3, 4, 7, 10 and 11 months after transplantation of coffee plants ,there was a significant increase in the height of coffee plants without nematode kept in clean, compared with treatments with coffee in infested soil with Pb intercropped with B. decumbens pruned and coffee in soil infested with Pb intercropped with B. decumbens with application of glyphosate. In the final evaluation, 278 days after inoculation , the dry weight of shoots in treatments with Pb and brachiaria and application of glyphosate were significantly lower when compared with untreated plants without nematode and intercropping. The weight of fresh roots, was significantly lower in all treatments compared to the control untreated plot. and without intercropping. The final population of P. brachyurus in roots was greater when coffee was intercropped with B. decumbens

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar os nematoides associados a plantas de antúrio (Anthurium andraeanum) cultivadas como flor de corte (13 amostras) ou plantas em vaso (41 amostras) nos estados de São Paulo, Paraná e Santa Catarina. Nematoides foram extraídos de 10g de raízes e 250cm3 de solo ou substrato e identificados sob microscópio de luz. A espécie mais frequente foi Radopholus similis, detectada em 54% das amostras de antúrio cultivado como flor de corte. Constituíram novas ocorrências em antúrio no Brasil: Helicotylenchus erythrinae, H. californicus, H. multicinctus, Meloidogyne paranaensis e R. similis.Entretanto, nenhum nematoide parasito de plantas foi encontrado nos antúrios cultivados em vaso, com substrato de fibra de coco.

The aim of this research was to identify plant parasitic nematodes associated with Anthurium andraeanum plants cultivated as cut flowers (13 samples) or pot flowers (41 samples) in the States of São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina, Brazil. Nematodes were extracted from 10g of roots and 250cm3 of soil by centrifugation method and identified under microscope. The most frequently occurring species was Radopholus similis detected on 54% of anthuriums cultivated as cut flowers. Among the identified species, the following associations constitute new records to Brazil in anthuriums: Helicotylenchus erythrinae, H. californicus, H. multicinctus, Meloidogyne paranaensis and R. similis. However, no plant parasitic nematodes were detected on A. andraeanum cultivated as pot flowers in coconut fiber substrate.

A cultura da mandioca (Manihot esculenta) tem importância socioeconômica no Brasil, no entanto há ainda uma escassez de informações sobre a associação de nematoides fitoparasitas, bem como ao comportamento de cultivares de mandioca ao parasitismo desses agentes. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar a distribuição geográfica e novas ocorrências das principais espécies de nematoides encontradas associadas à mandioca em diferentes municípios dos estados do Acre, Amapá, Pará e Rondônia. Além disso, estudou-se, em casa de vegetação, a reação de algumas cultivares de mandioca ao parasitismo de Meloidogyne incognita raça 3, Pratylenchus brachyurus e P. zeae. Nematoides foram extraídos de 10 g de raízes ou 250 cm³ de solo e identificados sob microscópio de luz. A espécie mais prevalente foi P. brachyurus, presente em 37,1% das amostras analisadas (n=35), seguida de M. incognita, encontrada em de 14,2% das amostras. Constituíram novas ocorrências para mandioca no Brasil: Helicotylenchus erythrinae, M. enterolobii e Xiphinema longicaudatum. As cultivares de mandioca provenientes do Amapá (Amazonas, Colônia Matapi, Manteiga, Pretinha e Pó-da-China) e as cultivares de mandioca Colonial e Caipora, provenientes do Acre, comportaram-se como suscetíveis a M. incognita raça 3. Por outro lado, as cultivares Caipora e Colonial comportaram-se como resistentes a P. brachyurus (fator de reprodução = 0,5 e 0,9, respectivamente) e imunes a P. zeae. Informações geradas neste estudo podem ser úteis para o manejo de áreas cultivadas com mandioca e infestadas pelos nematoides das lesões, P. brachyurus e/ou P. zeae.

The cassava crop (Manihot esculenta) has socioeconomic importance to Brazil, however, there is a paucity of studies regarding the plant parasitic nematodes associated with cassava and the host reaction of cassava cultivars to nematodes. The aims of this work were to report the geographic distributions and new records of plant parasitic nematodes collected from cassava areas from the States of Acre, Amapá, Pará and Rondônia, Brazil. Additionally, the host reaction of different cassava cultivars to Meloidogyne incognita race 3, Pratylenchus brachyurus and P. zeae was studied in a greenhouse experiment. Nematodes were extracted from either 10 g of roots or 250 cm³ of soil by centrifugation and identified by microscopy. The most prevalent species was P. brachyurus detected from 37.1% of samples tested (n=35), follow by M. incognita (14.2%). Among the identified nematode species, the following associations constitute new records for Brazil: Helicotylenchus erythrinae, M. enterolobii and Xiphinema longicaudatum. Cassava cultivars Amazonas, Colônia Matapi, Manteiga, Pretinha and Pó-da-China from Amapá State and Colonial and Caipora from Acre State were all susceptible to M. incognita race 3. In contrast, two cultivars, Caipora and Colonial, were resistant to P. brachyurus (reproduction factor = 0.5 and 0.9, respectively) but immune to P. zeae. Data generated in this study may be useful in the agronomic management of cassava production in areas infested with the root lesion nematodes P. brachyurus and/or P. zeae.

Nematodes are considered one of the most difficult organisms to identify due to their microscopic size, morphological similarity, limited number of distinguishable taxonomic characters and overlapping morphometric measurements. However, there are few trained nematode taxonomists remaining, primarily due to retirement without replacement and/or young scientists' lack of interest in classical taxonomy. Due to the continuing decline in classical taxonomic expertise of many taxa including Nematoda, there is an increasing reliance on developing molecular-based diagnostic protocols to identify pests and pathogens. To improve the resolution and reliability of nematode phylogenetic and diagnostic studies, they should ideally combine morphological with molecular data. However, few of the published studies have compared phylogenetic trees derived from morphological/morphometric characters with those derived from molecular data. Furthermore, nematode sequences deposited in public databases should have an identification based on morphological and morphometrical characters ascertained by a trained taxonomist. Nevertheless, molecular diagnostics do offer new opportunities in Nematology, such as improving the capacity to deal with large numbers of samples or with species mixtures which have previously been impractical. In conclusion, a balanced molecular and morphological taxonomic approach is required as proposed by the integrative taxonomy concept. Classical taxonomy and molecular diagnostics should be considered as complementary.